Fuel injector for internal-combustion engines



Nov. 13, 1928.,

A. E. WINCKLER FUEL INJECTOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ed March26, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 13, 1928. 1,691,172

A. E. WINCKLER EUEL INJECTOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed March26, 1925 2 Shee -s t 2 Patented Nov. 13, 1928.

' UNITED STATES 1,691,172 PATENT OFFICE.

.AAGE E. WINCKLER, or MILWAUKEE, wrsoonsm.

FUEL INJECTOR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed March 26, 1925. Serial N0. 18,881

engine. Another object is to provide an im-v proved construction inwhich packings, relatively to which the valve and its stem are movable,are avoided, so as to prevent any variation in the injection pressure asa result of variation in frictional retardation to the movement of thevalve. Another object of the invention is to provide an improvedconstruction in which provision is -made for readily and accuratelyadjusting the stroke of the valve to correspondingly vary the volume offuelinjected. Other objects of the invention will appear from thedetailed description.

The invention consists in the several novel features hereinafter setforth and more particularly defined by the claims at the conclusionhereof.

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectionof a fuel injectorembodying the invention and an internal combustion engine to which theinjector is applied. Fig. 2 30 is a detail perspective of the pressureoperated fuel valve. Fig. 3 is a detail section of the valve stemshowing the ports through which the fuel is conducted from one side ofthe diaphragm to the other. Fig. 4. is a section of the fuel injectortaken at right angles to Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail section through theconnection with the fuel delivery plug and the sleeve secured to thevalve stem. Fig. 6 is a section on line 6-6 of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is asection taken on line 7-7 of Fig. 4. Fig. 8 is a section takenon line 88of Fig. 4. \Fig. 9 is a sectional perspective of the ring for clampingthe margin of the diaphragm to the valve casing. Fig. 10 is aperspective of one section of the housing sur'rounding'thejup'per end ofthe valve stem and for supporting the adjustable stop forv the valve."Fig. 11 is a sectional perspective of the movable seat for the needlepoint on the valve. Fig. 12

stop is threaded.

The inventlon 1s exemplified in. a fuel injector D which isapplied to anengine is a perspective of the bushing to which the inder bprovidedwithan outer wall I) to form a water jacket 6 around the cylinder and acylinder-head C which is secured to the cylinder casting by bolts 0.Head C comprises an annular or cylindrical wall a, Wlnch extendslongitudinally into the cylinder 6; an inner end 07", which is inclinedinwardly and upwardly and formed with an opening 0 a combustion chamber0 formed 1n a Wall extending upwardlyufrom the end 9 and a cylindricalportion 0 in which the n ector D is secured.

The engine is of the four-cycle sleevevalve type and comprises an outercylindrical sleeve-valve which fits in the cylinder 1) and an innercylindrical sleeve valve 32 working between sleeve 25 and the wall 0 ofthe, cylinder-head C. These sleeves are operated from the engine shaftto control the admission of air to the cylinder and the exhaust of theproducts of combustion therefrom. Sleeve 25 is provided with a portadapted to register with the air-intake port 6 1n the cylinder 6 andwitha port 31 adapted to register withrthe exhaust port 19 Sleeve 32 isprovided with an air inlet port 36 which is adapted to register withports 30 and b to admit air into the cylinder every fourth stroke.Sleeve 32 is also provided wlth a port 37 which, during every fourthcycle 0 the piston, is adapted to register with the exhaust port 31 insleeve 25 and with an exhaust port I) in the cylinder.

Packing rin s 0 are provided in the wall 0' of the cylin er head C toprevent the escape of fluid from the cylinder. A working p1ston b,connected to the crank shaft of the engineby means ofthe usual pitman(not shown), 1s mounted to slide in the sleeve 32. A tip 0 projects fromthe upper end of the piston and is adapted to enter thecombustion-chamber 0 The cylinder-head C is water-cooled and is incommunication with the water circulating in the water jacket 6'. The topclosure for the water jacket in the cylinder head C is formed a head Ewhich is fitted to the margin 0 the cylinder casting. A gasket e, heldin a .-i'? marginal groove in the head E, is clamped downwardly by saidhead'and against the top of the cylindercastlng by a collar e which isscrewthreaded to theupper end of the cylindrical extension 0 and.engages a ring a. Ring e is adapted to compress a gasket earoundextension 0, to form a fluid-tight oint between r .E, enter sockets inthe ring 6 to hold the,

latter against rotation, but permit it to be 8 jammed against thepacking e" by the collar e, so that the-head E will be securely held onthe cylinder casing.

Fuel injector D is removable and replace able as a unit and comprises atubular casing d which extends and fits into the extension 0 of thecylinder head Q and is provided at its upper end with an outwardlyextending flange d. A valve (1 for controlling the injection of fuelinto the combustion chamber, comprises a stem portion (1? which islongitudinally grooved to rmit-fuel to flow to its point (21 which isapted to close a ainst a conical seat d in a nozzle (1. Tils nozzle isformed to spray and'separate the fuel as it is injected into thecombustion chamber, as well understood in the art. Nozzle d isseparately formed from. the easing at to permit its replacement in theevent of wear, and for this purpose it is provided with a 'flange 03which is clam ed against the lower end of the casing d y a sleeve 1which engages said flange, fits around the lower constricted portion ofeasing d and is held to clamp said flange by an internallyscrew-threaded collar i which is threaded to'the casing and to the upperend of said sleeve so that the sleeve may be drawn upwardly'to clam thenozzle in place. faces of flange (i are tapered so that when they areclamped between the casing d and the sleeve 'd, afluid-tight' joint willbe formed to prevent the escape of fuel around il if fa a his a 4 'a raits ourmar' clamped betv db n the flange g; of @51 1 d and an annularmember' which is removablysecured to said flange by bolts d The innermargin of said diaphragm is clam d between a' conoidal seat (i on ananar shoulder or enlargement 49 on the valve stem and a tapered bearingsurface (i formed on the lower end of a sleeve d which is movable withthe valve. The sleeve d is forced into clamping relation with thediaphra by a nut 52 which is threaded to a-redd ded threaded up rportion 53 of the valve stem and is a apted to engage washers forcompressing a packing gasket 51 against the upper end 0 sleeve A in itsassigned position. Gasket 51 forms a fluid-tight joint which preventsthe escape of fuel around the u per end of the valve stem.

A A chamber 48 is ormed adjacent the under a charge of fuel into thecombustion. chamber. a

lock-nut 52' is adapted to secure the nut 52 Member al forms a housingfor. a spring of, the force of which is applied to resist a the movementof the diaphragm until a pre-' determined pressure is reached in thefuel line. The upper end of this spring engages an inwardly extendingflange al on member d" and its lower end engages an annular shoulder d'on a collar a? which is screw zlireaded to the lower end of the valvesleeve Sleeve d is provided with an offset d in which is formed aconoidal seat (5 for a tapered plug d, which is connected by a flexi lepipe d to asuitable fuel pumping and metering unit, such, for example,as that set forth in my application filed May 25, 1925, Serial No.32,550. This plug is removably held in said socket by a cap d which isthreaded to the outer end of theplu and is adapted'to clamp a locatingwas er against the outer end of offset d".

A checksvalve 38, normally closed by a Spring 39, is mounted in plu J toprevent back flow; of fuel. A pug 39', which forms a fluid tight jointand a stop for valve 38, is, provided in the outer end of plug (1 Acollar 76 is threaded to the plug d an is adapted to bear against oneend of theoifset at to forcibly withdraw the plug from the sleeve (iwhen it is desired to disconnect the fuel'line from the fuel inector.

From the check-valve 38, the fuel passes into a chamber41 in plug (1 andthence downwardly through an inclined port 42 to an annular groove 43 inthe valve stem A locating washer d is adapted to assure the alignment ofthe portions of thepassage way 42'. Valve stem is longitudinallygrooved, as at 44, to conduct fuel to an annular groove 45 in the lowerend of sleeve (i adjacent the top of the diaphragm d. An inclinedcross-port 46 (Fig. 3) extends through the valve stem above the shoulder49 and the diaphragm and downwardly diportion of port 46 to the chamberor space 48 below the diaphragm-d. Branch ports.

tudinally of the grooved portion d of t e,

valve'stem to the point d. of the valve and vergent ports 47 extend fromthe central the nozzle d; A- characteristic of this construction is thatthe connection between the fuel feed line and the valve, exemplified bythesleeve d, moves vertically with the valve the valve and thuscorrespondingly vary. the

pressure at whic injection occurs. Another characteristic is that theentire fuel line stem and, therefore, the movement of the .packingsor.-stuf-.'

.from thepipe d" is descending, so that no 1 nov I the member d.

ring 64 by the .housin air bubbles will be trapped and the presence of asubstantially solid incom ressible fuel column will be piesent at alltimes.

A coupling ring'64 is adapted to connect the entire injector unit to thecollar 4? so that the injector may be uncoupled from and con led to thecylinder head C, as a unit. T is ring 64 is screw-threaded to ring 6*and has an annular shoulder 65 to bear against the flanged on the upperend of the casing d. Openings 66 are formed in the upper end of said"coupling ring for the insertion of a tool for turning it. A ring 67 isconfined in the coupling ring 64 above a shoulder 68, so that when thein-- flange d, jams the casing (l downwardly 1n said extensiontomaintain a fluid-tight fit between shoulder 73 and seat 74; Thisconnection is made without relative rotation between the shoulder andsaid seat, because the valvecasing is held against rotation during theoperation of the coupling ring in applying or removin the injector unit.

The upper end of t e valve stem is formed at to serve as an abutment toengage an adjustable stop screw 56 to limit the range of movement of thevalve stem and correspondingly vary the volume bf the charge of fuelinjected during each 0 ening of the .valve. Stop screw 56 1s threa ed toa sleeve or bushing 61 which is supported in and confined againstvertical movement .b. a housing formed of sections 57 and 57 Thesections of this housing are removably secured together by bolts 58 andare formedadjacenttheir lower ends with an annular groove 59 to receivean annular rib 60 on This rib and groove connection removably supportsthe housing section. Ring 67 isconfined in the coupling sections 57, 57.Bushing 61- is split an provided with a screw 61, sothat it may beclamped to the screw-thread 53 .on the valve stem to pre Thebushingscrew 56 anu aleaf-spring '63 is ada ted'toenga e. the serrateded es ofsaidxw eel to yieldingly hold itin tsassi'gnedposition anadjustment thereof. Thisadjustable stop evice for the injection valve isexter1orl disposed so that it is readily ad- .justab e at all times.

In operation, the charges of fuelpumped throng the pi d will be forcedpast check-valve 38 t rough chamber 41 and port 42 to. groove 43 in thevalve stem. Thence,

the fuel will flow, around the grooved portion 44 of the valve stem andthrough the inclined cross-port 46 and the ports 47, 47

to the chamber 48 from which it will flow through the groovediportion dof the valve stem to the nozzled. The fuel in chamber 48, when it issubjected to the predetermined pressure desired, will act a ainst thediaphragm d and against the orce of spring a? and open the needle valveto inject a charge of fuel into the combustion chamber of the'cylinder.

When it is desired to disconnect the in jector unit from the cylinder,it is only necessary toturn the coupling ring 64. The

rotation of this rin will act against washer 67 and forcibly wit drawthe unit from the cylinder head C, without requiring the re-,

moval of the head E in which the water jacket isformed. In ,replacingthe unit, the coupling ring will act against the flange d an force itinto fluid-tight fit with the cylinder head at shoulder 73. and seat 74.

When the unit had been disconnected from thecylinder head, the nozzle(1? may be readily replacedwhen desired. The stroke of the injectionvalve may be readily varied byfirst loosening the screw 61 to render"the stop-screw 56 rotatable in the bushing 61- and then turning thethumb-wheel 62 to correspondingly adjust its lower end to or from theabutment 55 on the valve stem.

. which supports the stop screw, may be readily removed when desired byremoving the.

bolts 58.

The injector described exemplifies one i which may be readily coupled toand uncoupled from a cylinder head; which may be readily assembled anddisassembled; in which the valve moves with the connections whichdeliver fuel to it so that it will be possible. to avoid frictionalretardation by use in'multi-cylind'er engines, in w i hth tion engines,thelcombination of an injecvalve-stem, and fuel delivering means contion valve provided with a stem, a casing in which said valve-stem isslidably mounted for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of anengine, means operable by the pressure of the fuel, for operating thevalve, a sleeve disposed outside of the casing and extending around andfixed to move with the nected to the sleeve, and means forming a fuelpassage between the sleeve and the valve for conducting fuel from thedelivering means to the casing.

2. In a fuel injector. for internal combustion engines, the combinationof an injection valve providedwith a stem, a casingin which said valveis movably mounted, for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber ofan engine, a diaphragm operableiby fuel under pressure to operate thevalve, a sleeve disposed outside ,of the casing and extending around andfixed to move with the valvestem,'a pipeconnection for deliveringfuel tothe sleeve, movable therewith, and means forming a fuel passage betweenthe sleeve and the valve for dehvering fuel from the sleeve to thecasing. v

3. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the com inationof anLinjection 'valve provided with a stem, a casing in which saidvalve-stem is slidably mounted, for

delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine, a diaphragmoperable by the pressure of the fuel for opening the valve, means forsecuring the casing to the head of an engine, a sleeve disposed outsideof the casing and extending around. and fixed to move with the valvestem, azspring around the sleeve foriclosing the valve, a

pipe connection for delivering fuel to the sleeve and means fordelivering fuel from the sleeve to the casing.

4. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combinationof an in'ection valve provided with a stem, a casmg in which said valveis slidably mounted, for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber ofan engine,a diaphragm having its outer- I marg1n clamped to the casing,a sleeve fixedly held on the valve and clamping the inner margin of thed1aphragm to the valve-stem, and a connection for delivering fuel to thesleeve, the valve stem being provided with ports for conducting fuelfrom the sleeve to one side of the diaphragm to operate the valve, and aspring for closing the valve.

5. In a fuel injector for internalcombustion engines, the combination ofan injection valve provided with a stem having a shoulder thereon, acasing in which said valve is movably mounted, for delivering fuel intothe combustion chamber of an engine, a diaphragm having its outer marginclamped to the casing, a sleeve fixedly held on the valve and clampingthe inner margin of the diaphragm against said shoulder, a connectionfor delivering fuel to the sleeve, the valve-stem being provided withports for conducting fuel from-the sleeve to one side of the diaphragmto operate the valve, and

a spring for closing the valve.

6. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combinationof an injection .valve provided with a stem, a casing in which saidvalve is movably mounted, for delivering fuel into the combustionchamber of an engine, a diaphragm, a member outside of said casing forclamping the outer margin of the diaphragm thereto, a sleeve fixedlyheld on the valve stem, a spring between the sleeve and said member forclosing the valve, means 'for delivering fuel to the sleeve, and meansfor delivering fuel from the sleeve through the stem and diaphragm andinto the casing for delivery into the combustion chamber.

7. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combinationof an injection valve provided with a stem, a non-rotatable casing inwhich said valve is movably mounted, for delivering fuel into thecombustion chamber of an engine, a coupling ring for securing the casingin a cylinderhead, and means whereby rotation of the ring willpositively effect the withdrawal of the casing from the head.

8. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combinationof an injection valve, a non-rotatable casing in which said valve ismovably mounted, for deliver ing fuel to the combustion chamber of anengine, a coupling ring for securing the casing in a cylinder head,means whereby rotation of the ring will positively (affect thewithdrawal of the casing from the head, comprising a shoulder on thecoupling ring and a ring removably connected to the casing.

-9. In a fuel injector for inteifnal .combus-- tion engines, thecombination of aninjection valve, a non-rotatable casing in which saidvalve is movably mounted, for delivering fuel to the combustion chamberof an en gine, a diaphragm, a member for clamping the diaphragm to thecasing, a rotatable coupling ring for securing the casing if a cylinderhead, and means wherebyrotation of the. ring will positively effect thewithdrawal of the casing from the head, comprising a ring around saidmember and engaged by the coupling ring.

10. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combinationof an injection valve'provided with a stem, a casing in which saidvalve-stem is movably mounted for delivering fuel to the combus tionchamber of an engine,a housing formed of laterally separable sectionsand supported by the casing, and an adjusting device outside of thecasing for limiting the stroke of the valve, carried by the housing.

11-. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines the combinationof an injec tion valve provided with a stem, acasing in which saidvalve-stem is slidably mounted, for delivering fuel to the combustionchamber of an engine, a diaphragm for operating the valve, a member forclamping the diaphragm onto the casing, a housing formed of laterallyseparable. sections and removablyvsupported by said member, and anadjusting device ,outside of the casing for limiting the stroke of thevalve-stem carried by the housing.

12. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combinationof an injection valve provided with a stem, a casing in which thevalve-stem is slidably mounted for delivering fuel into the combustionchamber of an engine, a sleeve fixedly secured to said valve-stem andprovided with an offset, means operable by the pressure of thefuel foropening the valve, means connected to supply fuel to the sleevecomprising a plug extending through said offset, and means forconducting fuel from .the sleeve to the casing. A

13. In a fuel injector for internal com bustion engines, the combinationof an injection valve provided with a stem, a casing in which the valvestem is slidably mounted, for delivering fuel to the combustion chamber, said valve-stem being provided with a shoulder, a diaphragm, meansfor clamping the outer margin of the diaphragm to the casing, a sleevemounted around the valvestem, and means on the outer end of thevalve-stem for clamping the sleeve to secure the diaphragm against saidshoulder.

14. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combinationof an in jection valve provided with a stem, a casing in which the valvestem is slidably mounted for delivering fuel to the combustion chamber,said valve-stem being provided with a shoulder, a diaphragm, means forclamping the outer margin of the diaphragm to the casing, a'sleevemounted around the valve stem, means on the outer end of the valvestemfor clamping the sleeve to secure the diaphragm against said shoulder,and a stopdevice accessible from the outside of the casing for engagingthe end of the stem to limit the movement of the valve.

15. In a fuel injector for internal combus tion engines, the combinationwith a cyl' inder head provided with a cylindrical extension and asupplemental head. through which the extension passes, of a ringnonrotatably held on the supplemental head, a packing between said ringand supplemental head, a nut forforcing said ring towards thesupplemental head, an injector comprising a casing and an injectionvalve therein, a coupling ring screw-threaded to the nonrotatable ring,and means for delivering fuel under pressure to the casing.

SLifned at Chicago, Illinois, this 24th day of arch, 1925.

AAGE E. WIN CKLER.

